Actinomycosis.

Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, and slowly progressive granulomatous disease caused by filamentous Gram posi­ tive anaerobic bacteria from the Actinomycetaceae family (genus Actinomyces). It is often misdiagnosed because it can mimic other conditions such as malignancy and tuber­ culosis, and a high level of clinical suspicion is needed for an early diagnosis. However, it is readily treatable and cur­ able if the patient is appropriately managed. We review the clinical presentations of actinomycosis, its diagnosis, and approaches to treatment. Our review is based on the find­ ings of randomised controlled trials, prospective analytical and retrospective studies, review articles, and case reports.